Contrast Mackays Tulip Bulb story with the US housing market of the Essay

Complexity Mackays Tulip Bulb story with the US lodging business sector of the previous 45 years - Essay Example The ongoing credit crunch irritating the US economy specifically and the world economies when all is said in done, released by subprime contracts plentifully uncovers the vulnerability of business sectors to theoretical trends and misled human insatiability and ravenousness. In the given setting, Mackay's 'Tulip Bulb' story distributed in his book 'Uncommon Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds' is by all accounts exceptionally important. Infact the given story is a perfectly clear case of a crippling polarity between the costs of a pined for resource and the market essentials (Garber 14). The story is situated in the year 1559, when the tulip bulbs turned into a valued item in Holland. Infact tulip bulbs were generally exchanged the neighborhood showcase trades and the individuals went to the degree of extending their theoretical inclinations a long ways too far in the red and began putting resources into the tulips bulbs that occasionally gotten a cost as high as 2,000 guilders. This over the top group attitude was absolutely careless of the businesslike market real factors and was exclusively determined by mass impulse (Peers 29). In the end, in February 1637, the tulip bubble busted and pushed the Dutch economy down to the edge of total collaps e. The story being talked about unquestionably causes one to notice the lodging and genuine state bubble that overwhelmed the US economy over the most recent five years.

Research International Business Opportunities Tourism Essay Essay Example

Research International Business Opportunities Tourism Essay The plan of this practicality study is to meet with Natural Experience whether they need to open their eating house in Bahrain or non. This technique will be finished by breaking down all positive and negative aspects of Bahrain. An intricate SWOT and PESTEL examination will be done and some inside informations will be given about the opponents which as of now exist in Bahrain. After this procedure a suggestion will be give to Natural Experience that, will it be beneficial for them to open there worry in Bahrain or non and will it spread out in Bahrain. Presentation The worry which is making a trip to be presented in Bahrain is a natural eating house. The name of the eating house is Organic Experience. It was shaped in London, United Kingdom by a hubby and wedded lady named, Richard and Dora in 2001. They have concocted a fantasy that they will open an eating house with excellent naturally developed supplement. The caf A ; eacute ; was holding the limit of 25 individuals and the staff which was recruited was 6 representatives and one manager.They had made a reasonable total compensation in the principal twelvemonth which shows that their anxiety is fruitful. Consequently on they open another region in Canary Wharf yet they were holding a few afflictions about their supplement and got fined for that. In any case, consequently on the eating house keep up its quality and got great results at the terminal of the twelvemonth. After the accomplishment of their anxiety they chose to open third development close to tower of London. This clasp they chang e the name of the eating house to Natural Experience in light of some legitimate issues and the broadening in bill of toll. The idea of this Natural experience worked great so after that they chose to establishment it. We will compose a custom paper test on Research International Business Opportunities Tourism Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Research International Business Opportunities Tourism Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Research International Business Opportunities Tourism Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Here is a short introduction of United Kingdom. It had become an area in 927 AD. It is situated in European landmass. The spot of UK on the Earth is 51 A ; deg ; 30?North and 0 A ; deg ; 7?West. The nation is 243,610 sq. kilometer. furthermore, their authority etymological correspondence is English. The capital of UK is London. The insights shows that there are 83.6 % British and 16.4 % non-British. Its populace is 62,698,362 ( July 2011 est. ) : in which non-British are incorporated. The specialists framework is protected government. The per capita salary is $ 39,604. It is wealthy in characteristic asset and ventures. The GDP of UK was $ 2.481 trillion. People groups of various types live in UK and in this way on the greater part of them get the citizenship of UK. ( State.gov, 2012 ) They were holding 5 diversified café at the terminal of 2009 in UK. The pay of Natural Experience arrived at 6.1 million Pounds out of which the net gain was 1.9 million. After this achievement they spread their anxiety around the world. The eating house will be detached in Bahrain. The area of the Natural Experience Caf A ; eacute ; will be Manama, since it is the capital of Bahrain. Bahrain City Center will be the best topographic point to open eating house, the ground is, it is the best and the most established in Bahrain and it is truly celebrated as great. There are a significant number of the eating houses yet none of them are entirely natural so it will be great for our caf A ; eacute ; . Advancement will be done to do it well known and if the eating house work great and began doing a lot of gross so it will get down opening new establishments in Bahrain at the most affectionate focuses. This will be a key of extension in Bahrain. Swot Qualities The quality of the Natural Experience is its supplement which is natural. There is an absence of sound and natural eating houses known to man. People groups are searching for supplement which is really 100 % natural. The meatiness is very expanding in Bahrain so the inclination of individuals is coming towards solid and natural supplement. Its other quality is their bill of toll they have all kind of veggies which are naturally developed and a variety of meat dishes. There will be scarcely any eating house which is working this much supplement types. They have drinks, plates of mixed greens, starters, desserts, soups and the boss classs. Failings Their bombing will be the introduction in Bahrain. As it will be new in Bahrain so it will non be a lot of mainstream among the populace. This fizzling can be limited by making exposure and by the clasp passes it will be praised. The worry is venturing out to introduce in Bahrain which has a few adversaries. They will give a troublesome clasp to Natural Experience since they had just assembled their notoriety in Bahrain. So it will question for it. Openings They get the opportunity to spread out the worry in Bahrain. They can run their eating house on the most praised musca volitanss of Bahrain. This will be a starting to get progressively famous in light of the fact that these musca volitanss are ever packed and on ends of the week they reach to their boundaries. Characteristic Experience request talented and productive specialists for their eating house without this they can non flexibly the best quality to the customers. So in Bahrain they can procure talented staff on lower rewards in light of the fact that there is no income upgrade framework in Bahrain so the laborers are concurred on lower compensation. Threats The greatest threat for the common experience is the porc and the unhalal meat. They can procure the halal meat locally yet the porc is simply denied in Bahrain. This will chop down certain dishes from the bill of passage however then again of porc other meat can be utilized, for example, hamburger, mouton, chicken and so forth. The specialists processs are extremely hard in Bahrain. They require a cluster of endeavors and high systems administration achievements to get down their eating house in Bahrain else they need to stand up to numerous occupations and it will be actually profoundly won for them. Other than these they ought to cognize all the Torahs and lawful issues in Bahrain. Adversary Analysis Natural Foods and Caf A ; eacute ; Natural Foods and Caf A ; eacute ; is house worked by a family unit. They sell natural and biodynamic supplement. It has numerous shops across Dubai and they are the biggest suppliers of natural supplement known to man. They produce new staff of lifes, leafy foods. They collect everything liberated from a wide range of unbelievable compost and synthetic compounds. The supplement is developed in family run natural homestead all through the universe. They are working to wellbeing witting and ecofriendly purchasers. It is situated in Al Seef promenade in Bahrain. ( Organic Foods and Caf A ; eacute ; , 2012 ) Quality The quality of Organic Food and Caf A ; eacute ; is their bringing administration. They offer a wide range of supplement at your entryway measure, no issue where you live in Bahrain. This administration is giving them a great reaction. Falling flat The financial estimations of the caf A ; eacute ; are truly elevated. Typical salary individual can non manage the cost of it. So it will decrease the odds of the caf A ; eacute ; . Masso Masso is a natural eating house in Bahrain. It is begun from Italy and the full dishes served are Italian. The owner of the eating house is Susy Massetti. They sell natural supplement with their specific vino. The Restaurant is situated in The Palace, Adliya, Bahrain. ( masso eating house, 2012 ) Quality There specific kind of vino which is non accessible in Bahrain. This vino is made of their specific method and just served at their eating house. Falling flat Poor exposure of the eating house and the site is other than non great planned. There is no appropriate area referenced by means of guide. PESTEL PESTEL represents Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal. It is an apparatus to investigate any state before get bringing down a worry. This examination gives you the best diagram of the state you are going to work. Political Government Type The kind of the experts in Bahrain is constitution government. The framework depends ashore and the male ruler of Bahrain is King Hamad canister Isa Al Khalifah. As there is land so the political framework is truly steady and there is non much occupation between the specialists and parliament individuals. ( CIA, 2012 ) There will be non much political emergency for my eating houses on the grounds that there is land and the worry can be run great. There will be less legislative expenses and financess which will aid expansion the overall gain. Corruptness Bahrain positions 46th known to man for corruptness and it truly low when contrasted with the other created states. In the event that there is more corruptness there will be more occupations in permitting and processs. ( CIA, 2012 ) There is less corruptness in Bahrain so all the processs will be done truly quick and with no activity. For the more distant broadening there will non be a lot of difficulty and the cost will be less. Monetary Per capita pay The per capita pay is $ 27,900 which is truly elevated contrasted with different states. The mean month to month pay is $ 2,400. The individuals of Bahrain spend a group on their shopping and way of life. This will be great for the eating house in light of the fact that the individuals will non holding a lot of employment in buying the costly supplement furthermore that they are extremely much worried about their health which is other than acceptable. ( CIA, 2012 ) Work The figure of work in Bahrain is 666,000. In this way the work in Bahrain is extremely reasonable and you can secure proficient cooks and staff at truly low wages. ( CIA, 2012 ) This is great for the Natural Experience they can draw in the best staff with no abundance charges. They can other than connect with culinary experts w

Topic Essay Example - Five Great Topic Essay Examples

Topic Essay Example - Five Great Topic Essay ExamplesThere are many available online to help you come up with a topic essay for your college or university. The one thing that I always use when I am struggling to find one is to use an essay topic. Here are the top five topics that I use.Students should think about one topic that they would like to explore during their business careers. Most students like to do this one and that is why they are studying. Some business colleges require that students write an essay on the topic that they enjoy. If you decide to do this one, remember to be original.Soccer is very popular, so try to write about this and maybe why. In fact, soccer is a sport that has many different schools all around the world. It can be a topic to help you out in school as well. You will be able to see how much you enjoy the sport if you are writing an essay about it.If you are in graduate students, you can also consider writing about sports. Try to find a topic that is go ing to make you a good essay writer. Do you know a lot about sports? If you are into sports, then you will be able to enjoy a topic that is about sports and will help you in getting your graduate degree.Writing about your passions is a great topic. For example, if you are a blogger or writer, write about how that interests you. For most graduate students, they like to blog about their passions or write about a subject that they really love. If you are able to write about that, you will be more creative and maybe learn something about your passion. Try to write something that is informative as well.If you are a politician, write about one topic that you are a passionate about. In this case, it could be something that you are knowledgeable about. If you are not a politician, you may want to consider a political topic.Make sure you get to an essay that is very entertaining to read. A good topic also needs to make you excited to read the other parts of the essay. Good luck!

The Use Of Methamphetamine And Its Effects On Children

Methamphetamine, more commonly known as meth, is currently classified as a schedule 2 drug but should be promoted to a schedule 1 drug for its now outdated medical usage. Currently, methamphetamine can be prescribed by a doctor to treat attention hyperactivity disorder and other conditions, although it is rarely used medically. It is prescribed at doses much lower than those typically abused. (NIH, 2014). There are now other types of stimulants that are more effective, and more regularly used in the medical world for treating hyperactivity such as Ritalin or Adderall. Marijuana, a schedule 1 drug, has more proven health benefits than a schedule 2 drug, meth. Methamphetamine should be changed to a schedule 1 drug, as It has limited medical usage in this time period, and is highly toxic effects on the body if the person becomes addicted. Ritalin and Adderall are two commonly prescribed medications for hyperactive disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Metham phetamine is not even on the list of prescribed medication for ADHD. (NY Times, 2013). It is an outdated medical drug, and has limited medical usage. Most articles when describing meth’s medical usage has a few sentences about it can be used to treat ADHD or obesity. (EMCDDA, 2015). There are better forms of treatment available now with the advances in drug research and design for disorders that meth was previously prescribed for. In this current time period, marijuana is a schedule 1 drugShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The Potential For Addiction?1320 Words   |  6 Pageshard. Because the dopamine release feels so pleasing, many people become obsessed and chase that feeling over and over again. Methamphetamine is known as one of the easiest drugs to become addicted to. The addiction is very severe, many people relapse after long periods without the drug. However, the more the drug is used, the harder it is to receive a â€Å"high†. 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On a physical level, the user may show skin sores andRead MoreDrug Abuse Essay1016 Words   |  5 Pagesoverdoses based off the NIDA’s information and graphs.Drugs like Methamphetamine , cocaine,heroin ,tobacco and alcohol,As said from the NIDA â€Å"drug abuse kill 500 people every day† .Most people start taking drugs in moments of stress or hard times.People have started to get addicted to the drug thinking that they help release their stress.so people try to pass on their bad choices to others to help them release their stress.side effects in the drugs may cause illnesses,body pains and sometimes deathRead MoreMethamphetamine A Love Story Reflection1671 Words   |  7 Page sMethamphetamine: A Love Story Reflection and Analysis SUMMARY Methamphetamine: A Love Story is a book documenting the lives of various people who were immersed in the culture of using, selling, and manufacturing methamphetamine. Through interviews with over 30 individuals, Rashi Shukla brings to light the drastic effects that manifested when this drug took over their lives. Shukla aims to â€Å"illuminate this dark world,† (Shukla 2016, p. 11), and to provide insight as to why methamphetamine becomesRead MoreA Story About A Lady Named Cindy1569 Words   |  7 PagesI’d like to tell you a story about a lady named Cindy. In this story she is thirty five, a divorcee with two children. She was a methamphetamine and speed addict in high school, and once she became a mother used them so much more. She said it made her feel good, like she could do or be anything and get everything done. It is commonly believed that women more often use this methamphetamines and speed, because they are expected to do all things all the time. They are ex pected to care for kids, their

Immorality of the Death Penalty, A Speech - 605 Words

1. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Thou shall not kill, only one of the ten commandments that some individuals unfortunately can not seem to uphold. What would the world look like if we did not have an â€Å"eye for an eye† mentality? The debate about whether or not capital punishment is ethical or immoral is significant because our country is spending unnecessary amounts on death penalty executions, in which citizens do not know enough about the subject matter to disagree or protest its use. While tax payers are paying for this procedure, the death penalty poses many moral insurrections. B. Introduce Topic: Since you all have been informed about the gruesomeness of the death penalty, I am going to emphasize its immorality and unfairness to the world. C. Ethos/Credibility: Unlike those who describe capital punishment as unethical, through research I have found plenty of arguments supporting my claim that the death penalty is an immoral method of serving justice. D. Preview of the speech: I will discuss religious principles, particularly from the Bible that will hopefully persuade my audience that the death penalty is indeed immoral. Immorality and unethical-ism is not just limited to what it is in the Holy Bible, but it can also include fairness. III. Body Paragraph #1 A. Topic Sentence - When the state takes the life of a human being for a crime they committed, its accepted, but what we do not realize is we are placing society and the government on the same level ofShow MoreRelatedCrime And Punishment Throughout New France s Legal System Essay2046 Words   |  9 Pagesthrough the town holding a candle to the door of the local church, where they then knelt down and declared their offenses against God. The criminal was then forced to say they repented and to beg God for forgiveness. When the judge sentenced someone to death in New France, they were usually executed in front of a cathedral. New France’s legal system was also fundamentally based on the idea that their sovereignty and laws did not necessarily extend over Indigenous people. Rather, the government practicedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet As A Play That Contains Frequent Meditations On Suicide Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pageshypocritically because their concern is ultimately for their reputation in a Christian world rather than truly for their religion. Shakespeare relies on allusions to demonstrate to his audience that Christian morals rule the world of Hamlet and that steep penalties exist for those who disobey these rules. For example, during one of Ophelia’s grief fueled rants in Act 4, she tells Claudius: â€Å"Well, God dild you! They say the owl was a/baker’s daughter. Lord, we know what we are, but/know not what we may be. GodRead MoreThe Counterculture Of The Early 1960 S1731 Words   |  7 Pageshave committed an abomination. They shall surely be put to death. Their blood shall be upon them.† - NKJ, Leviticus 20:13 For this reason God gave them up to degrading passions. Their women exchanged natural intercourse for unnatural, and in the same way also the men, giving up natural intercourse with women, were consumed with passion for one another. Men committed shameless acts with men and received in their own persons the due penalty for their error. - Romans 1:26-27 People picked and choseRead MoreThe Abolition Of Capital Punishment1778 Words   |  8 Pagessociety. I would like for the government officials who vote to choose which laws get passed and which ones don’t to really take into consideration the reasons why the death penalty is not necessary. I would also like to target society because if it becomes a very pressing issue, the government has to listen eventually. The death penalty is not something that should be taken lightly because of how fragile human life is. It can be taken in a moment’s notice, and once it’s gone, there is no bringing itRead MoreEssay on An Analysis of the Story of the Adulterous Woman1734 Words   |  7 Pagesto capital punishment. But, since they had to recognize the letter of the Torah law, they sought a variety of means to render these penal laws inoperative. Thus, in some instances, they held that the Torah referred to death by divine intervention, not to death imposed by a court. They further devised a system of technicalities to prevent the conviction of a defendant for a capital crime. This somewhat offhand approach was relatively easy for them, since the Roman governmentRead MoreHarmful Effects of Drugs on the Human Body1124 Words   |  5 Pagesphysically. Behaviors are one of the obvious changes on the drugs user which will led them to harm a person regardless who such as his or her families, children, spouses, bosses, employees, and the neighborhoods. Back to Mill’s Harm Principle which is â€Å"speech or action is protected as long as it doesn’t harm anyone† (Mill, 2007, p. 376) is a strong reason why I agreed that there must be a limitation of what people want to do with their own bodies, since the usage of strong drugs as cocaine can endangerRead More Abolishing the Death Penalty Essay3076 Words   |  13 PagesAbolishing the Death Penalty When taking a human life in response to a crime, a state is acting on behalf of all of its citizens. Capital punishment is an expensive procedure with permanent ramifications. It is therefore very important that the matter of capital punishment be seriously reconsidered. In order to protect all of Americas citizens, I recommend that congress approve a constitutional amendment that reads: The states and the federal government shall not under any circumstances executeRead More The History and Public Opinion of Capital Punishment Essay4449 Words   |  18 PagesCapital Punishment The history of the death penalty goes back to the earliest civilizations where it was used to punish all sorts of crimes from robbery, to murder, to different forms of heresy. In the United States it evolved to just punish murder, treason, and some cases of rape. It has been an issue that has sparked a never ending debate that goes back to colonial times. The general public traditionally supported the death penalty in a majority with only a few politicians speakingRead MoreAncient Egypt And Western Asia2169 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Egyptian’s lasting civilization clearly demonstrates how Ma’at remained to be a part of everyday life. Just like in the modern times, ancient Egyptians advocated moral values and condemned immorality. They believed that Ma’at flows in society through the heart, denoting that Ma’at represented speech that is received in the heart and transformed before being emitted by the tongue. The Egyptians believed that the flow of Ma’at could be distracted by immoral activities such as lies, an aspectRead MoreAntigone, The Universal And Most Heavily On A Hostile Government1897 Words   |  8 PagesAntigone’s crime. Thus, at the beginning of the text, Creon shows that he is placing power and government before family, a challenge to the previously established Greek ideals. Sophocles thereby highlights Creon’s injustice by showcasing not only the immorality of his actions but also how he easily breaks familial bonds to maintain power and establish a strong government. Du Gao Idealism: The Root of Antigone’s Downfall in Sophocles’ Antigone Sophocles’ Antigone centers around a familial feud that develops

Hearts r us case Essay Example For Students

Hearts r us case Essay Case Under normal circumstances, preferred stock is classified as an equity item. However, there are certain cases in Which preferred stock could be classified differently on the balance sheet. According to FAST ASS 480-10-25-8, any financial instrument that carries an obligation to repurchase the issuers equity shares would be classified as a liability. In this case, the contingent redemption right would fall under this scope dictating that the preferred stock would fall under liability. The liability would carry a credit balance. It is also imperative to disclose the unusual voting right of electing one board member, the conversion rate, the additional protective rights and the rights of first refusal and co- sale rights in summary form in the financial statements. This falls under FAST ASS 505-10-50-3 which states an entity shall explain, in summary form within its financial statements, the pertinent rights and privileges tot the various securities outstanding, Since Hearts R did not obtain FDA approval by the fifth year anniversary they are subject to their contingent redemption price which obligates them to redeem the stocks for par value. This is set by FAST ASS 480-10-35-3 which determines that if the settlement price and date, which in this case is the par value for the price and the fifth year anniversary for the date, are fixed then the firm would subsequently pay the fixed amount. This would result in a debit to the account in which the liability was placed under. If Hearts R us were to fall under SEC requirements, it would still not change because according o PASS ASS 480-10-sag-AAA preferred securities that are redeemable for cash or other assets to be classified outside of permanent equity if they are redeemable (I) at a fixed or determinable price on a fixed or determinable date, (2) at the option of the holder, or (3) upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely Within the control Of the issuer.

Sidewalks Essay Example

Sidewalks Essay Sidewalks Name: Course: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Sidewalks specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sidewalks specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sidewalks specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Sidewalks The concept of public space is meant to refer to any social space that can be accessed by people. Examples of common public spaces include pavements, sidewalks, parks, beaches and public squares. Public space gained a new meaning after the Renaissance when they were transformed into platforms where art could be expressed or displayed. Urban sidewalks have been one of the conflictual aspects of public space that has pitted various stakeholders over their significance and use. Sidewalks have been significant especially in their usage by political demonstrators, gardening and shelter for the homeless[1]. The many uses of the sidewalk at some point overlap creating conflicts among the various users. The usage of sidewalks in urban democracy has gained prominence in most developed countries and has similarly attracted civil rights advocates, municipal governments and political activists all of who had an opinion on their usage. Municipalities have laid down regulations that govern how sidewalks can be used in a manner that ensures public order. Sidewalk democracy, for example, has attracted numerous legal battles with the parties arguing over whether to maintain public order or exercise assembly rights. The municipal governments have been at the forefront in regulating the use of sidewalks using de-emphasis campaigns on sidewalk use that saw the creation of walkways and introverted spaces. The municipal also engages in beautification processes to deter political action on sidewalks. Third, the municipal has also leased out some sidewalks to private organizations that erect fences and lastly, by formulating land use controls. The regulations that have been introduced were aimed at limiting unwanted activities on sidewalks thus segregating people and business activities into distinct districts, for example, the vending district in Los Angeles that has eliminated vending on any other streets or the red-light districts. Sidewalks have often been disregarded as being obvious and common. However, sidewalks are the foundation and environment for control. Sidewalks are more than elements of the city as they also form a platform for social contact, assimilation. Conversely, sidewalks are also the sites for expression of political rights such as free speech and rights of association. Loukaitou-Sideris and Renia Ehrenfeucht, as well as Jane Jacobs, were strong proponents of the sidewalk concept and its evolving use among the public. Loukaitou-Sideris also demonstrates the significance of the sidewalk in five cities, in US, to sex workers, homeless, traders and immigrants[2]. Sidewalks evolved from being routes that were normally used by pedestrians to being used for numerous purposes such as entertainment and recreation. The introduction of limitations on the usage of public spaces can be justified because certain behaviors are considered obnoxious such as drug use or indecent exposure. Denying or limiting public access to sidewalks and other public spaces goes against the wishes and desires of the citizens in a manner that is similar to the Hawaii situation with Mauna Kea. The usage of sidewalks has been limited largely by the government, as was the case with the UHIFA and NASA who got support from the state[3]. Cash, Color, and Colonialism Federal recognition refers to the procedure by which a historic tribe, community or group makes a pact or a relationship with a government such as the United States of America. Traditionally, the pact was made by federal, congressional legislation or by recognizing by judicial determination or the Executive branch. The Native Americans that first occupied America before it was colonized and transformed by the entry of different cultures across Europe have always required that the current US government award them the necessary recognition. The criteria used to qualify the Indian tribe for acknowledgement are however, very stringent, extreme and are manipulated by the US government to eliminate most tribes. The seven mandatory criteria that are used to qualify a community or a tribe must be met, before recognition occurs. One, the petitioner must be an American Indian since 1900. Two, a larger part of the group petitioning has to be from a different community. Three, the petitioner should have a considerable political influence over the members from history. Four, the petitioner must present the official governing documents to the US government. Five, the petitioner’s membership comprises of people who descend from a historical Indian tribe or from historical Indian tribes that function as a single independent political body. Six, the composition of the petitioning group should be primarily people that do not belong to any other acknowledge group. Lastly, both the petitioner and the members are exempted from congressional legislation that can terminate the federal relationship[4]. Being a recognized community has certain advantages attached to it that creates the pressure for more and more communities to join the bandwagon of federally acknowledged tribes. By 2007, over 560 Indian communities had been recognized by the United States of America. These newly recognized communities immediately became eligible for funding and services from the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). However, the biggest benefit of having a tribe that is federally recognized by the USA is that they have retained and acknowledged sovereign status. Such communities are exempted form local and state jurisdiction, for example, laws regarding gambling and taxations do not apply to them. In return, the US maintains a trust pact with the tribes that allow land to be held by America on behalf of the tribes. The idea that dangling support from the BIA for the tribes to invest in programs that benefit Indian communities while assuming administration of the native’s lands shows an unfair deal in which the US government manipulates the tribes to achieve their interests. The criteria are mandatory in nature and include proof of historical existence since 1900; evidence of the community’s governing documents and other requirements for the petitioners. It is important to note that state recognition does not necessarily mean that one is similarly qualified for federal recognition and acknowledgement. Placing many limitations in the acknowledgement of tribes by the US is a tactic through which America can manipulate the communities to achieve their interests. The Mauna Kea conflict is similar to this case in that the interests of the state are placed above those of the citizens. Historical background and significance of Mauna Kea Mountain Mauna Kea lies on the island of Hawaii and forms the highest point above sea level. The mountain is about 2,000 years old that has given it significance among the societies that live around it. In Hawaiian mythology, Mauna Kea is considered a scared place. The upper areas of Mauna Kea are considered the Wao Akua or the territory of the Akua-Creator and the summit is considered the temple of the Supreme Being. Contemporary Hawaiian communities still revere the mountain and regularly perform their religious and cultural practices on the mountain. The Hawaiians consider the mountain as the meeting point of the deities and gods[5]. Apart from being a historical shrine for the Hawaiians, Mauna Kea also has numerous archaeological sites and traditional, cultural properties that are listed in the National Register of Historic Places as valuable locations. The plans by the Historic Preservation Division in Hawaii to convert all the archeological sites around Mauna Kea as national tourist attraction sites forms the major point of conflict between the state authorities and the local communities. However, the astronomical value of the foot of the mountain that is currently occupied by the Board of Land and Natural Resources (BLNR) and leased out to the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy (UHIFA) that runs an astronomy program has also brought about the question on its continued use[6]. The conflict between cultural and environmental conservationists and scientists over the construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope was a presentation of the struggle between secular and religious parties. For Hawaiians, the ascent to the summit of Mauna Kea brings one closer to the spiritual realm. The fact that the foot f the mountain serves as the resting point of the ancestors that means that they respect and revere the spirits of their ancestors. The natives therefore, demand appropriate behavior whenever anyone approaches the vicinity. The religious significance of Mauna Kea is also because they draw their strength from cultural protocol practices that were rooted in Mauna Kea. The poor management of the natural resources by UHIFA and BLNR came under the scrutiny of the Hawaii state auditor who reported that the university’s telescope construction project was being done at the expense of the natural resources. Some of the immediate results of the telescope construction included the destruction of historic sites and shrines, clearing of rare insects’ habitats, land degradation as well as pollution. The development of six outrigger telescopes at the W.M. Keck Observatory on Mauna Kea in a joint effort by NASA and UHIFA failed to acknowledge the advice from the state auditor. During this construction period, the native Hawaiians were awarded a minimal advisory role by the UHIFA that ensured that they could not interfere in the process. The basis for the increased concern by the community members revolved around how the natural resources were being destroyed by the two key organizations. UHIFA and NASA argued that the installation of the telescopes was hugely significant as it offered access to the skies. The governor also shared the same sentiments when she gave permission to proceed with the NASA project. In this situation, the government gave no heed to the needs of the community members who desired to leave the environment intact. One of the roles of the government is to translate the desires of the public into tangible policies that assist in realizing the needs. In the case of Mauna Kea astronomical activities, the governor Linda Linge should implement policies that would protect the traditions and culture of the Native Hawaiians. Her argument that the installation of the telescopes would result in increased employment opportunities for the Hawaiians was valid but irrelevant as the issue was not unemployment but preservation of cultures[7]. The legal battle that ensued between these two parties, the natives and the academic institutions provided a wealth of information. The presentation of the court case against the installation of the KECK telescopes’ on Mauna Kea by the natives was justified because the state was suspected to continue expanding the science project on the mountain if they were not checked. The state was bound to continue supporting the scientific presence in Hawaii until the historical relics and natural habitats were depleted or destroyed. The court case may not necessarily stop the science projects, but at least they could set the platform for increased regulations that will balance the competing groups at the summit. The important scientific experiments could go on, and the cultural and environmental resources could be preserved. The two cases display a dilemma of concepts each of which are equally important to the societies but at the same time, is also detrimental to them. In the first case, the limitations on public spaces went against the ever-increasing expression of free will in public spaces. In the second instance, the conservation of cultural ways conflicted with the pursuit of modernity and capitalism. References Belluschi, Anthony. 2006. Urban places, public spaces: the architecture of Anthony Belluschi. New York, N.Y.: Edizioni Press. Cramer, Rene?e Ann. 2005. Cash, color, and colonialism: the politics of tribal acknowledgment. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. Li, Mimi. 2003. Urban regeneration through public space a case study in squares in Dalian, China. Waterloo, Ont: University of Waterloo, [Dept. of Geography] Linn, Donovan. 2012. Highest astronomical and research observatories. Delhi: University Publications. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truescope=sitedb=nlebkdb=nlabkAN=397449 Loukaitou-Sideris, Anastasia, and Renia Ehrenfeucht. 2009. Sidewalks: conflict and negotiation over public space. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/id/10285633 McEldowney Holly.2012. Cultural Resources Reconnaissance of the Mauna Kea Summit Region. Mauna kea-From mountain to Sea. Retrievd from http://www.mauna-a-wakea.info/maunakea/F5_link4.html West, Michael J. 2005. A gentle rain of starlight: the story of astronomy on Mauna Kea. Waipahu, Hawaii: Island Heritage Pub [1] Loukaitou-Sideris, Anastasia, and Renia Ehrenfeucht. 2009. Sidewalks: conflict and negotiation over public space. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/id/10285633